Which of the following is a subtle form of discrimination that isn’t obvious and is often unintentional?
Covert discrimination
Disparate impact
Disparate treatment
Overt discrimination
Agent Jean has just sold a home to an Asian couple, one of several Asian couples or families who’ve moved to the area recently. Suppose Jean were to encourage other homeowners in the area to move because the neighborhood is becoming a favorite with Asian people. Which of the following would she be doing in that case?
Blockbusting
Helping potential clients
Redlining
Steering
In a landmark three-year investigative report using paired testers, Newsday discovered that minorities often received unequal treatment from real estate licensees in Long Island. Which of the following statements is true?
Asian testers received unequal treatment 39% of the time.
Asian testers received unequal treatment less often than Hispanic and Black testers did.
Black testers received unequal treatment 25% of the time.
Hispanic testers received unequal treatment 49% of the time.
Which of the following is a type of sexual orientation discrimination?
An advertisement placed in the Gay Times and other publications
An advertisement that contains the equal housing opportunity logo
An advertisement that indicates a preference for heterosexual couples only
An advertisement that states the facts about a property
Your buyer client would like to look at homes in a neighborhood where you know that the other residents would not welcome him due to his ethnicity. You determine the buyer wouldn’t be happy there and guide him to another area of town. What have your actions created?
Good customer service
Illegal steering
Less stress for your buyer
Overt discrimination
Monique was in a car accident and now has limited use of her left leg. She’s applied to her condo board for a reasonable accommodation, asking them to assign her a dedicated parking space in front of her building. Which parties should be privy to this information?
All members of the condo board
Any condo owner who also lives in her building, and may therefore object to the parking-space assignment
Any party that asks for information regarding her request
Only the parties who will decide whether or not to grant the reasonable accommodation
Which of these dwellings is exempt from the Fair Housing Act?
A 10-unit apartment building
A duplex that a brokerage is selling as a mixed-use property
A house owned by a real estate licensee that she rents out through her brokerage
A single-family home being rented out by its owner
New Christian Hope Church is selling one of its properties. An advertisement has been designed with a picture of the cross along with the property information. What needs to be added to this advertisement?
A disclaimer or statement, stating good church-going, religious people should apply
A disclaimer statement, stating the seller doesn’t violate fair housing laws
A disclaimer stating that only Christian people need apply
Nothing else needs to be included
In order to avoid disparate treatment, how should you treat all parties to a transaction?
According to their age
Differently
Equally
With minimal contact
A licensee wants to make sure that her real estate practice is as diverse as possible. What should she do?
Avoid mentioning fair housing law to her clients.
Become an extrovert.
Check her bias at the door.
Use humor.
Chet asks management to install a ramp so that he can access his apartment building in his wheelchair. Because he lives in Section 8 housing, ______.
He’ll have to cover the cost
The ADA will have to cover the cost
The city will have to cover the cost
The housing provider will have to cover the cost
In the three-year Newsday investigation on Long Island using paired testers, two primary fair housing violations were found. One of these was unequal treatment. What was the other?
Blockbusting
Disparate impact
Redlining
Steering
Your buyer clients, the Millers, ask you to show them homes only in “good” school districts. What’s your best response?
Agree, based on your own experience and knowledge of the area’s school districts.
Agree, but gather this information from authoritative sources only.
Point the Millers toward authoritative sources but don’t make that call for them.
Refuse, because providing school data is a fair housing violation.
Unequal treatment was found in many of the interactions between Long Island paired testers in the three-year Newsday study. What is one example given?
Minority testers were asked for a deposit on the licensee’s commission whereas the white testers were not.
Minority testers were asked to drive their own cars whereas white testers were allowed to ride with the real estate agent.
Minority testers were asked to provide identification, whereas white testers were not.
White testers were shown less expensive homes.
If a tenant with a disability wants to make a reasonable accommodation or modification, which of the following statements is true?
A landlord can freely question disabled individuals about their disability.
A landlord must always complete modification requests.
A tenant can make a request for accommodation or modification at any time.
The landlord is always responsible for paying for any reasonable modifications that are completed on the property.
“Apartment for rent in the city.” Which protected class is being discriminated against in this ad?
This is a familial status discrimination.
This is an age discrimination.
This is discrimination by perception.
This isn’t discriminatory.
According to the Fair Housing Act, what is the purpose of a reasonable accommodation?
To foster community and friendship between persons with and without disabilities
To give a person with a disability an equal opportunity to use a dwelling
To provide landlords and property owners with federal funds to alter a property’s structure to accommodate a person with a disability
To set the standard for acceptable accommodations in federally funded rental communities
Which of these might bring a charge of steering against a licensee?
A licensee encourages his clients to contact local agencies to learn more about a neighborhood’s schools, crime rates, and religious institutions.
A licensee is working with a client who has a disability. At the client’s request, the licensee refrains from showing the client listings that aren’t ADA accessible.
A licensee screens the properties he shows his clients based on the clients’ preferences.
When working with single female clients, a licensee is careful to promote properties in neighborhoods the licensee considers safe.
A single woman is interested in purchasing her first home. When she speaks to a lender, he tells her that she doesn’t qualify for financing because she isn’t married. What is this an example of?
Disparate impact
Overt discrimination
Profiling
Racial discrimination
What makes implicit bias so hard to identify?
It is disguised as overt bias.
It is not measurable.
It is rarely a problem.
It occurs on a subconscious level.
If a tenant makes reasonable modifications to his apartment unit to help with disability-related mobility and accessibility, who is responsible for restoring the property when the tenant moves out?
The apartment owner
The property manager
The rental agency
The tenant
A Chinese American tenant who has Parkinson’s disease asked for an assigned parking space near the entrance to his apartment building, despite the landlord’s usual policy of first-come, first-served for parking space requests. The apartment management denied the parking request. What is most likely true about this decision?
It is disability-based discrimination because the parking request is a reasonable accommodation.
It is discrimination based on the tenant’s national origin.
It is permissible because parking arrangements aren’t subject to the Fair Housing Act.
It is permissible because the landlord already had an existing parking policy in place.
Available homes must be shown to potential buyers on a(n) ______ basis.
Discriminatory
Disparate
Equal
Unequal
Which of the following is allowed under the Fair Housing Act?
Falsely denying housing is available to a protected class
Refusing to negotiate for housing with a protected class
Refusing to rent to a man in a women’s apartment with common living areas
Setting differing terms based on a protected class
Which one of these situations represents the illegal practice of redlining?
A community member, posted in online neighborhood forums warning of impending commercial developments that would negatively impact property values.
A homeowner refused to allow her listing broker to show her house to families with pets.
A licensee was working with Korean American clients and focused on showing them properties they would enjoy in the communities they were most interested in.
A mortgage underwriter refused to underwrite mortgage documents for applicants who wanted to buy in specific neighborhoods based on the neighborhood’s demographics.
When a landlord allows a disabled tenant to go to the head of a waiting list for a parking spot close to the building entrance, this is an example of ______.
Fair housing discrimination
Landlord tenant law
Reasonable accommodation
Reasonable modification
Betty uses a wheelchair. She asks her landlord to widen the entryway into her apartment so that her wheelchair can fit through it. What is this an example of?
Disability exemption
Policy exemption
Reasonable accommodation
Reasonable modification
Which of the following should an advertisement describe?
Advertisements should describe properties, not people.
Advertisements should describe the people to whom a property is being marketed.
Advertisements should discourage people with illnesses.
Advertisements should include preferences for minorities.
Which property is subject to Fair Housing Act guidelines?
An owner-occupied triplex
A property owned by a church that restricts occupancy to church members
A single-family For Sale by Owner property
A single-family property listed by a real estate broker
New licensee Clark has prepared three versions of an advertisement for a small, three-bedroom house in the mountains. Select the one that would be improper under the federal Fair Housing Act.
Adorable three-bedroom in mountain community.
Cozy home in small neighborhood.
East-facing three-bedroom home with lots of sunshine.
Lovely three-bedroom near St. Mark’s Catholic Church.
Which of these dwellings would be subject to the provisions of the Fair Housing Act?
A house owned by a church for use by its pastor
A single-family property being sold by its owner without the use of a real estate agent
A six-unit building where the owner lives in one of the units
A triplex where one unit is occupied by the owner
The sale or rental of a single-family home is exempt from the federal Fair Housing Act when ______.
A brokerage firm’s managing broker personally represents the seller
A mortgage broker is involved
Neither party is represented by a real estate licensee
The seller is not represented by a real estate licensee
One issue with guiding buyers toward or away from an area because of perceived school quality is that school quality is often used as a proxy for ______.
Grades
Income level
Race
Religious preference
Per the Fair Housing Act, a ______ is a change or exception to a rule or policy that allows a person with disabilities the equal opportunity to use and enjoy a dwelling or public space.
Policy modification
Property accommodation
Reasonable accommodation
Reasonable modification
Calvin has a mental disability and doesn’t like to leave his apartment. His apartment complex has a policy in place that stipulates rent must be paid in-person at the rental office. Calvin requests that he be allowed to pay via mail. This is a request for a ______.
Disability exemption
Policy exemption
Reasonable accommodation
Reasonable modification
A church is moving and selling its building. An ad for the listing includes the church’s logo, which depicts a crucifix. Along with the property information, what else should be included with the advertisement?
A photo of the bishop who will be approving the sale
A statement that a buyer who belongs to the denomination is preferred
A statement that because a religious organization is selling the property, fair housing laws do not apply
A statement that the church doesn’t violate fair housing laws
A licensee notices that culturally diverse customers tend to steer clear of him, but he’s not sure why. He decides to take a close look at how he interacts with people from other cultures. What will this action likely strengthen?
His biases
His entrenched perceptions
His self-awareness
HIs sense of isolation
If an agent posts an advertisement and inadvertently uses a statement that’s construed as violating fair housing laws, what could be the result?
The agent could be liable, but the complainant would have to prove it was intentional.
The agent could be liable for a violation, even though it was not intentional.
The agent is exempt from liability, because it wasn’t intentional.
The agent would automatically be sued for discrimination.
Which of the following tenants is requesting a reasonable modification?
Although the parking at his building is normally first-come, first-served, Anthony requests that the landlord assign him a space near the entrance.
Damon requests that his landlord install safety handrails along the corridors and stairwells in the common areas of the apartment building.
Kelly requests that her landlord allow her service poodle, Mitzy, to live in her unit, despite the building’s no-pets policy.
Rent is normally due on the first of the month, but Fran asks her landlord to adjust her rent payment schedule to the 15th of each month to coincide with when she receives her disability-related assistance check.
Which of the following is acceptable advertising language with regard to race or color?
Near historic Danish Solvang
Spanish-style patio
Vibrant Hispanic community
Whites only
The Better Life Church may do what under the Fair Housing Act?
Restrict housing to a specified race.
Restrict its housing to only include its members.
Restrict their housing to only include people of a specific gender.
Restrict their housing to those who don’t require reasonable accommodation.
Tenant Rosa lives in a building that requires a guest fee. Rosa asks her housing provider to waive the guest fee for the live-in home health aide she needs because of her disability. This is an example of ______.
A disability waiver
An unreasonable request
A reasonable accommodation
A reasonable modification
“Four-bedroom property situated on a hiking trail—perfect house for a young couple with no kids!” Which protected class of people would this ad discriminate against?
Disability
Familial status
National origin
Religion
An advertisement should describe ______.
Discrimination and clarity
Prejudice and honesty
The property and its rules, not people
The property and people to whom the property is being marketed
Which of the following advertisements is discriminatory?
“Gorgeous three-bedroom, two-bath home, located near a golf course.”
“Guard-gated community, three-bedroom, two-bath home. Must be pre-qualified to view.”
“Three-bedroom, two-bath home in NW area of town. Make an offer today.”
“Whites only, three-bedroom, two-bath home in upscale neighborhood.”
Overcoming discriminatory beliefs is ______.
Difficult
Easy
Required by law
Unnecessary
It’s illegal for anyone to ______.
Advertise or make any statement that indicates a limitation or preference based on color, source of income, credit score, or education
Advertise or make any statement that indicates a limitation or preference based on color, veteran status, or age
Advertise or make any statement that indicates a limitation or preference based on race, color, national origin, credit, sex offender status, or gender
Advertise or make any statement that indicates a limitation or preference based on race, color, or handicap
Regarding implicit bias, which one of the following statements is true?
Implicit biases can only be held against minorities.
Implicit bias never impacts behavior.
Race is the only characteristic about which people have implicit bias.
Your actions can imply that you are unbiased, even if you have implicit bias.
Which of the following is an example of overt discrimination?
A landlord helps a Hispanic couple fill out the rental application when he sees that they don’t speak English.
A landlord refuses to allow pets.
A lender won’t lend to those with low credit scores.
An agent advertises that he only helps families with children under age 18 find a new homes.
A licensee has just listed a Black couple’s home. Which of the following is an advertisement she should place to sell this property?
“Diverse urban neighborhood is the setting for this 2BR home. Call me for further information.”
“Located on the west side of town, two-story home. Call for details.”
“Perfect for couple interested in Black cultural experience. Please call for details.”
“Two-story home in historic African American neighborhood. Call for details.”
What occurs when a broker or lender applies a policy or practice uniformly that disproportionately affects a protected class?
Dishonesty
Disparate impact
Disparate treatment
Overt discrimination
Which of the following is an example of a tenant requesting a reasonable accommodation?
Connie requests that her landlord install a ramp outside the building so she can access the entrance in her wheelchair.
Glen, who has limited mobility, requests that his landlord install a pool lift at the community pool so that he can enjoy the facilities.
Jennifer requests that the landlord install railings along all of the stairwells in the common area.
Jim asks his landlord to waive the guest parking fee for the physical therapist who visits him three times a week.
“Property has five bedrooms and is situated near a jogging park. Perfect house for physically active people–especially runners!” Which protected class would this discriminate against?
Disability
Familial status
National origin
Race
Who could be charged with overt discrimination in a real estate transaction?
Any professional who’s involved in the transaction
Only the buyer’s or seller’s real estate agent
Only the mortgage lenders
Only the seller’s real estate agent